Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated. It is caused by a buildup of fluid pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss. While there is no cure for this condition, there are treatments available that can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision. In this post, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as lifestyle changes you can make to help protect your eyes from glaucoma. We will also discuss how to recognize the warning signs and the importance of getting regular eye exams. Finally, we will provide resources to help you find the care and support you need if you or a loved one is diagnosed with glaucoma.
What is Glaucoma?
It is also known as Glaucomatous (Scientific name), Ankh ki roshani kam hona (Hindi/Urdu), Kach bindu (Marathi), Pacumpatalam (Tamil), Glakoma (Telugu), Qingguangyan (Chinese), glaucoma (Spanish / Portuguese), Cokhera chanira jatila abastha (Bengali), Glaukoma (Russian), Glaukoma (Indonesian). Glucoma are of 3 types open-angle, closed-angle and normal-tension glaucoma. Glaucoma is a serious eye condition, caused by increase of pressure within the eye ball, called intraocular pressure. This causes compression and obstruction of the blood vessels which feed the optic nerve, resulting in optic nerve fiber damage and visual disturbances.
Common Symptoms
When glaucoma is occurring in an eye, palpation will show a tenseness in that eye. It is similar to high blood pressure in the body. The condition is therefore, also known as hypertension of the eye. A certain amount of intraocular pressure is considered necessary, but too much can cause damage to the eye and may result in vision loss. Glaucoma may become a serious condition and can cause blindness, so one has to be very watchful. Acute glucoma may show symptoms painful, red eye, hard and tender to touch, possibly with dilated pupil; misting of vision, then severe visual impairment; nausea or vomiting; possibly abdominal pain. Where as chronic simple glaucoma shows slow but progressive loss of peripheral vision which can go unnoticed until the damage is irreversible; loss of central vision follows.
Root Causes
Glaucoma is the major cause of blindness among adults today. One out of every eight blind persons is a victim of this condition. Far sighted persons are more prone to develop this disease than near sighted ones. The symptoms includes appearance of halos or colored rings round distant objects, when seen at night. The iris is usually pushed forward, and the patient often complains of constant pain in the region of the brow, near the temples and the cheeks. If pressure in the eye becomes high, headaches may occur. There is gradual impairment of vision as glaucoma develops, and this may ultimately result in blindness if proper steps are not taken to deal with the disease in the early stages. Medical science regards severe eye-strain or prolonged working under bad lighting conditions as the chief causes of glaucoma. But, in reality, the root cause of it is a highly toxic condition of the system due to dietetic errors, a faulty life style and the prolonged use of suppressive drugs for the treatment of other diseases. Eye-strain is only a contributory factor. Glaucoma is also caused by prolonged stress and is usually a reaction of adrenal exhaustion. The inability of the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone results in excessive loss of salt from the body and a consequent accumulation of fluid in the tissues. In the region of the eyes, the excess fluid causes the eye ball to harden losing its softness and resilience. In persons who lift heavy weights (either at work or for exercise), who strain in exercise, who have high cholesterol or high triglycerides, or who have diabetes or nicotine toxicity due to smoking, intraocular pressure has a tendency to increase and may lead to glaucoma. Giddiness, sinus conditions, allergies, hypoglycemia, arteriosclerosis and an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system can also be cause of glucoma. Untreated, glaucoma leads to blindness, but is usually only found if looked for, say through routine checks. It tends to run in families, and its incidence increases with age.
Home Remedies for Glaucoma
The modern medical treatment for glaucoma is through surgery which relieves the internal pressure in the eye due to excess fluid. This, however, does not remove the cause of the presence of the excess fluid. Consequently, even after the operation, there is no guarantee whatsoever that the trouble will not recur, or that it will not affect the other eye. The natural treatment is same as that for any other condition associated with high toxicity and is directed towards preserving whatever sight remains. If treated in the early stages, the results are encouraging. Though cases of advanced glaucoma may be beyond a cure, even so certain nutritional and other biological approaches can prove effective in controlling the condition and preserving the remaining sight. If upon examination by an eye doctor it is determined that you have higher than normal intraocular pressure, these remedies may be helpful.
- Punarnava + Jatamamsi + Shanka Pushpi : Treat it with herbal formula. In earlier stages, Ayurveda treats this problem with the herbal formula made with punarnava, jatamamsi and shanka pushpi, which will help to relieve the tension in the eye. Mix all the herbs in 5:3:3 ratio. Boil 1 teaspoon of this mixture in a cup of water for a few minutes to make a tea. Drink twice a day.
- Bilberry : Research shows that bilberry extracts defend against cataracts and glaucoma and improve diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. It is good remedy to defend against cataracts.
- Triphala Tea : Triphala makes excellent eyewash. To relieve the tension in the eye, wash the eyeball with triphala tea, which helps to regulate pressure in the eye. Boil 1/2 teaspoon triphala in 1 cup water for 2 minutes, strain it thoroughly so that no particles of triphala remain in the tea, cool it down, and wash the eye.
- Berries : Berries are natural eye strengthener. Many blue, purple, and ruby colored berries owe their color to a type of flavonoid called anthocyanins, a potent antioxidant and blood vessel strengthener. Top sources include bilberries, blackberries, blueberries, huckleberries, pomegranates, black currants, cherries, elderberries, cranberries, and eggplants. The blueberry is related to the bilberry, which is native to Europe. Whereas blueberries’ inner flesh is white, bilberries’ is blue, making them higher in anthocyanins. Try to include these berries in everyday meals.
- Ginkgo : Improve vision with ginkgo. A concentrated ginkgo leaf extract seems to improve vision in patients with this condition and works as a neuro protector of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma due to its ability to open blood vessels and its antioxidant effect. Along with oxidative stress and high IOP, blood vessel inadequacy has also been proposed as a contributor to glaucoma, especially in normal tension type.
- Omega 3: Include fish in daily diet program. Oily fish are rich in the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The retina requires these fatty acids to function properly. Try making different recipes with tuna fish, red pepper and turmeric. Tuna’s omega-3 fatty acids promote eye health and curcumin from turmeric creates the yellow color and packs a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant punch. Curcumin shows promise in combating glaucoma and muscular degeneration. The antioxidant-rich red peppers add eye health benefits.
Prevention Tips
- Coffee should be completely avoided because of its high caffeine content which causes stimulation of vasoconstrictors, elevating blood pressure and increasing blood flow to the eye.
- Avoid excessive quantities of protein in your diet, which can exacerbate or contribute to glaucoma.
- Strictly avoid heavy weightlifting and similar straining. When you do yoga postures, avoid inverted poses such as Headstand and Shoulder Stand.
- Practice various methods of relaxing and strengthening the eyes.
- Ensure you have an adequate intake of vitamins A, Bl, B12, C, and the minerals chromium and zinc, which can contribute to the health of the eyes.
- Avoid prolonged straining of the eyes such as occurs during excessive T.V. or movie watching and excessive reading.
FAQs.
Q. What is glaucoma?
It is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve. It is usually caused by an abnormally high pressure inside the eye. Over time, this can lead to vision loss and blindness. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world.
Q. What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
Common symptoms include a gradual loss of peripheral vision, seeing halos around lights, eye redness, and eye pain. If left untreated, it can lead to blindness.
Q. What causes glaucoma?
It is caused by a buildup of fluid in the eye, which increases the pressure inside the eye. This increased pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. Risk factors include age, family history, certain medical conditions, certain medications, and certain eye injuries.
Q. What is the best cure for glaucoma?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for it. However, medical treatments and surgeries can help to control eye pressure, reduce the risk of vision loss, and slow the progression of the disease. It is important to follow the treatment plan recommended by your doctor in order to maintain good eye health and vision.
Q. Are there any natural remedies for glaucoma?
Yes, there are several natural remedies used to treat glaucoma. These include:
- Exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce intraocular pressure, improve blood flow to the eyes, and reduce the risk.
- Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, may help reduce the risk.
- Herbal Remedies: Herbs such as ginkgo biloba, turmeric, and omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce intraocular pressure and the risk.
- Acupuncture: Acupuncture may help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision in people with glaucoma.
- Eye exercises: Exercises such as palming, blinking, and eye rotations may help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision.
- Massage: Massaging the area around the eyes may help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision.
Q. Is there any way to prevent glaucoma?
Unfortunately, there is no known way to prevent glaucoma. However, there are ways to reduce the risk of developing glaucoma, such as having regular eye exams, eating a healthy diet, wearing protective eyewear when outdoors, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Q. Is marijuana helpful for someone with glaucoma?
Marijuana has been studied as a potential treatment for it, and some studies have suggested that it may be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, which is associated with glaucoma. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term effects and safety of marijuana use for this problem.
Q. Which is the best food to avoid glaucoma?
The best food to avoid glaucoma is a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, especially leafy greens and brightly colored fruits and vegetables. Research has found that diets high in antioxidants, lutein, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids can help protect against glaucoma. Additionally, avoiding processed and fried foods, high-sodium foods, and foods high in saturated fats can also help reduce the risk of glaucoma.
Q. At what age is glaucoma more common?
It is most common in people over the age of 40, but it can affect people of any age.
Q. Do people with glaucoma go blind?
Yes, people with this condition can go blind if their condition is not treated. Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that causes vision loss due to damage to the optic nerve. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss.
Q. Which one is more harmful, glaucoma or cataract?
Glaucoma is considered more harmful than cataract, as it can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. Cataracts can usually be successfully treated with surgery, but glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss even with treatment.
Q. Which is worse, macular degeneration or glaucoma?
It is impossible to say which is worse as both conditions can have varying degrees of severity and impact on a person’s vision. Both conditions can cause serious vision loss, so it is best to discuss your particular situation with an eye care professional.
Q. What is the best ayurvedic remedies of glaucoma?
- Triphala: It is a combination of three fruits – amla, harada, and behada – that have been used in Ayurveda for thousands of years to treat many conditions, including glaucoma. It is believed to be a powerful antioxidant that can help reduce inflammation and improve eye health.
- Ghee: Ghee, or clarified butter, is a staple of Ayurvedic medicine and is believed to help improve eye health and reduce inflammation. It is thought to help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision.
- Brahmi: It is an Ayurvedic herb that is believed to help reduce inflammation and improve eye health. It is usually taken as a supplement or in teas, and is thought to help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision.
- Shatavari: It is an Ayurvedic herb that is believed to help reduce inflammation and improve eye health. It is usually taken as a supplement or in teas, and is thought to help reduce intraocular pressure and improve vision.
Q. Is glaucoma genetic?
Yes, it is a genetic condition that can be inherited from family members. Genetic factors are thought to account for up to 40% of all cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). A family history of glaucoma increases the risk that an individual will develop the condition.
Q. My grandmother’s grandfather had glaucoma and so does her sister. Do I have an increased risk of having it, too? My grandmother and dad don’t have it. Am I at risk?
The risk of glaucoma can be inherited, however, it is impossible to determine if and by how much your risk is increased without further testing. Although your grandmother and her sister have glaucoma, if your father and grandmother do not, it may suggest that this could be a less likely outcome for you. It is important to speak to your physician to determine the specific risks and to consider the possibility of proactively testing for glaucoma.
Q. How can someone reverse optic nerve damage due to glaucoma?
Unfortunately, there is no known way to reverse optic nerve damage due to glaucoma. However, with early detection and prompt treatment, further vision loss from glaucoma can often be prevented or slowed. It is important to have regular eye exams, as this is the best way to detect glaucoma before it causes significant damage. Treatment options may include medications, laser treatment, or surgery.
Q. Is glaucoma deadly?
No, glaucoma itself is not a deadly condition, but if left untreated, it can cause severe vision loss and even blindness.
Q. What are the driving restrictions of someone with glaucoma?
The specific driving restrictions for someone will vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual’s level of visual acuity. In general, individuals with glaucoma should avoid driving at night or in low-light conditions and should always be aware of their peripheral vision. Additionally, they should be mindful of their reaction times and ensure their medications do not affect their ability to safely operate a vehicle.
Q. How do optometrists test for glaucoma?
Optometrists can test for the condition using a variety of methods. They may perform a visual field test, measure intraocular pressure with a tonometer, or use other imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) to look for any changes in the optic nerve. They may also use dilation drops to check the eye for signs of glaucoma, such as high pressure, swelling, or leaking blood vessels.
Q. What happens in a glaucoma exam?
A glaucoma exam typically consists of a series of tests that measure the pressure within the eye, the size and shape of the optic nerve, and the peripheral vision. The doctor may also use special instruments to view the drainage angle within the eye as well as to evaluate the optic nerve. During the exam, the doctor may also ask about any family history of glaucoma and discuss any risk factors, such as age and ethnicity.
Q. Does high eye pressure always mean glaucoma?
No, high eye pressure does not always mean glaucoma. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss. The most common type is caused by increased pressure in the eye, but there are other types of glaucoma that can occur without increased eye pressure. Therefore, high eye pressure does not necessarily mean glaucoma.
Q. Why is cannabis good for glaucoma, but not good for cataracts?
Cannabis has been found to be effective in reducing intraocular pressure caused by glaucoma, a condition where the pressure in the eye is abnormally high. This can prevent nerve damage and vision loss. However, cannabis is not effective in treating cataracts, which is a clouding of the lens of the eye. Additionally, cannabis may cause dry eyes, which could worsen cataracts.
Q. Can glaucoma be caused by stress?
No, it is usually caused by an increase in pressure in the eye due to fluid buildup. Stress does not cause this problem.
Q. What are the differences between open and closed glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and occurs when the drainage angle of the eye remains open, but the fluid doesn’t flow properly through it. Closed-angle glaucoma is a less common form and occurs when the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, preventing the fluid from draining properly. Both forms can lead to increased pressure in the eye, which can cause damage to the optic nerve. Open-angle glaucoma is often asymptomatic and can go undetected until the glaucoma has already caused some damage. Closed-angle glaucoma, on the other hand, often has very sudden and noticeable symptoms, such as blurred vision and severe eye pain.
Q. Can I wear contact lenses with glaucoma?
Yes, you can wear contact lenses with this condition, however, it is important to discuss this with your eye care professional prior to wearing contact lenses. If you are currently being treated for glaucoma, your eye care professional may suggest a special contact lens or a different type of treatment to help manage the condition.
Q. What foods are good for glaucoma?
- Leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens
- Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish like salmon, tuna and sardines
- Nuts and seeds like almonds and walnuts
- Fruits like strawberries, blueberries, and oranges
- Whole grains like oats, quinoa, and brown rice
- Beans and legumes like lentils and chickpeas
- Carrots, sweet potatoes and other root vegetables
- Low-fat dairy products like yogurt and skim milk
- Lean proteins like poultry, tofu and eggs
- Herbal teas like chamomile, green tea and hibiscus
Q. What foods to avoid if you have glaucoma?
Foods to avoid if you have this condition include: caffeinated beverages, sugary drinks, processed meats, salty foods, and foods high in saturated fat. Also, it’s best to limit your intake of alcohol and avoid smoking.
Q. Can glaucoma reverse itself?
No, it is a progressive eye condition that cannot be reversed. However, with treatment and a healthy lifestyle, it is possible to slow the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of further vision loss.
Q. Can glaucoma be preventable?
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent it. However, regular eye exams can help detect the condition in its early stages, allowing for effective treatment to begin.